 {"id":8123,"date":"2018-12-15T19:33:33","date_gmt":"2018-12-15T17:33:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/gap47.astrosurf.com\/?page_id=8123"},"modified":"2025-03-25T19:58:35","modified_gmt":"2025-03-25T17:58:35","slug":"taches-solaires","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/gap47.astrosurf.com\/index.php\/accueil\/en-direct-du-soleil\/taches-solaires\/","title":{"rendered":"Taches solaires du jour"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 20px;\">En cliquant sur la photo du Soleil ci-dessous vous pourrez voir la photo <span style=\"color: #000000;\">[en noir et blanc]<\/span> la plus r\u00e9cente de la surface du Soleil (prise par le t\u00e9lescope spatial SDO de la NASA) et voir la pr\u00e9sence \u00e9ventuelle de taches solaires en ce moment (il n&rsquo;y en a pas toujours !). Les photos sont mises \u00e0 jour quotidiennement&nbsp; &nbsp;\u2193<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/sohowww.nascom.nasa.gov\/data\/synoptic\/sunspots_earth\/mdi_sunspots_1024.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-8203\" src=\"http:\/\/gap47.astrosurf.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Soleil-et-tachesNB.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gap47.astrosurf.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Soleil-et-tachesNB.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/gap47.astrosurf.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Soleil-et-tachesNB-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/gap47.astrosurf.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Soleil-et-tachesNB-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/gap47.astrosurf.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Soleil-et-tachesNB-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/gap47.astrosurf.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Soleil-et-tachesNB-100x100.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/gap47.astrosurf.com\/index.php\/ressources\/telescopes-exceptionnels\/telescopes-spatiaux\/#t9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #993366;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Voir la page des t\u00e9lescopes spatiaux d\u00e9di\u00e9s \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9tude du Soleil : SoHo et SDO<\/span> <\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #008000;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Petite histoire de l&rsquo;observation des taches solaires<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">La premi\u00e8re observation av\u00e9r\u00e9e de taches solaires remonte \u00e0 l&rsquo;an&nbsp;-28, en provenance de&nbsp;Chine. Des observations r\u00e9guli\u00e8res sont relat\u00e9es en provenance du&nbsp;monde chinois (comprenant l&rsquo;actuelle Chine, ainsi que le&nbsp;Japon&nbsp;et la p\u00e9ninsule&nbsp;cor\u00e9enne) \u00e0 partir du d\u00e9but du&nbsp;iv<sup>e<\/sup>&nbsp;si\u00e8cle. Ces t\u00e9moignages extr\u00eames orientaux comparent souvent la taille des taches \u00e0 divers objets de la vie courante, notamment des&nbsp;fruits. Il semble av\u00e9r\u00e9 qu&rsquo;un syst\u00e8me de conversion entre taille moyenne de ces objets et taille angulaire des taches existe, bien que celui-ci ne soit pas connu avec certitude.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">Les moyens mis en \u0153uvre pour r\u00e9aliser de telles observations ne sont \u00e0 l&rsquo;heure actuelle, pas connus. Il est possible que les observateurs aient b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 de conditions favorables issues de diverses&nbsp;temp\u00eates de sables&nbsp;en provenance du&nbsp;d\u00e9sert de Gobi&nbsp;ou du&nbsp;bassin du Tarim. Une autre hypoth\u00e8se est que les observations aient \u00e9t\u00e9 permises par des instruments rudimentaires filtrant la lumi\u00e8re solaire \u00e0 l&rsquo;aide de jade ou de&nbsp;mica, bien qu&rsquo;aucune mention de tels instruments ne soit parvenue jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 nous. Ce biais peut \u00eatre compens\u00e9 par l&rsquo;\u00e9tude d&rsquo;observations simultan\u00e9es dans diff\u00e9rents pays, la Cor\u00e9e, le Japon et la Chine ayant consign\u00e9 des relev\u00e9s de taches solaires.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">En&nbsp;Europe, les observations anciennes de taches solaires sont extr\u00eamement peu nombreuses, la seule mention officielle durant le Haut Moyen \u00c2ge est due \u00e0&nbsp;\u00c9ginhard&nbsp;et relate qu&rsquo;une t\u00e2che solaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 visible en 807 pendant huit jours avant d&rsquo;\u00eatre masqu\u00e9e par des nuages. De ce fait, si des mentions existent dans l&rsquo;Antiquit\u00e9 grecque&nbsp;(par exemple par&nbsp;Th\u00e9ophraste d&rsquo;Ath\u00e8nes), divers autres t\u00e9moignages interpr\u00e8tent mal la nature de ces taches, les assimilant \u00e0 des&nbsp;transits&nbsp;des&nbsp;plan\u00e8tes&nbsp;Mercure&nbsp;et&nbsp;V\u00e9nus, voire d&rsquo;hypoth\u00e9tiques \u00ab&nbsp;lunes solaires&nbsp;\u00bb, sans doute en raison de la pr\u00e9valence du dogme aristot\u00e9licien. En fait, durant tout le&nbsp;Moyen \u00c2ge, seules deux observations europ\u00e9ennes de taches solaires sont r\u00e9pertori\u00e9es, en&nbsp;1367&nbsp;et&nbsp;1371, en provenance de&nbsp;Russie. Ces observations furent semble-t-il rendues possibles par la pr\u00e9sence d&rsquo;importants feux de for\u00eats ayant suffisamment obscurci l&rsquo;atmosph\u00e8re&nbsp;de cette r\u00e9gion pour permettre l&rsquo;observation d\u00e9taill\u00e9e du disque solaire. Les&nbsp;Annales de Saint-Bertin&nbsp;\u00e9voquent toutefois un \u00e9v\u00e9nement d&rsquo;avril 860 qui ressemble fort \u00e0 des taches solaires gigantesques.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/gap47.astrosurf.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Capture-de\u0301cran-2025-01-07-a\u0300-19.55.06.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-13143\" src=\"http:\/\/gap47.astrosurf.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Capture-de\u0301cran-2025-01-07-a\u0300-19.55.06.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"2724\" height=\"1410\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gap47.astrosurf.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Capture-de\u0301cran-2025-01-07-a\u0300-19.55.06.png 2724w, https:\/\/gap47.astrosurf.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Capture-de\u0301cran-2025-01-07-a\u0300-19.55.06-300x155.png 300w, https:\/\/gap47.astrosurf.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Capture-de\u0301cran-2025-01-07-a\u0300-19.55.06-2000x1035.png 2000w, https:\/\/gap47.astrosurf.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Capture-de\u0301cran-2025-01-07-a\u0300-19.55.06-768x398.png 768w, https:\/\/gap47.astrosurf.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Capture-de\u0301cran-2025-01-07-a\u0300-19.55.06-1536x795.png 1536w, https:\/\/gap47.astrosurf.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Capture-de\u0301cran-2025-01-07-a\u0300-19.55.06-2048x1060.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 767px) 89vw, (max-width: 1000px) 54vw, (max-width: 1071px) 543px, 580px\" \/><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><em><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">\u2191&nbsp; &nbsp;Scheiner \u00e9tudiant les taches solaires, en 1625<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">Des taches solaires furent \u00e9galement observ\u00e9es, en 1611, par&nbsp;Christoph Scheiner&nbsp;\u00e0 l&rsquo;aide de verres teint\u00e9s&nbsp;et&nbsp;<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>Galil\u00e9e<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 sa&nbsp;lunette astronomique<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;et un syst\u00e8me de r\u00e9tro-projection sur \u00e9cran en 1613<\/strong><\/span>. Ce dernier en fit un de ses arguments pour combattre le&nbsp;syst\u00e8me g\u00e9ocentrique&nbsp;d&rsquo;Aristote&nbsp;selon lequel le Soleil est un astre parfait, ce qui est incompatible avec l&rsquo;id\u00e9e de taches.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/gap47.astrosurf.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/taches-solaires-Galilee.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-8153\" src=\"http:\/\/gap47.astrosurf.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/taches-solaires-Galilee-206x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1163\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gap47.astrosurf.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/taches-solaires-Galilee-206x300.png 206w, https:\/\/gap47.astrosurf.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/taches-solaires-Galilee.png 471w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 767px) 89vw, (max-width: 1000px) 54vw, (max-width: 1071px) 543px, 580px\" \/><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><em><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">\u2191&nbsp; &nbsp;Dessin de Galil\u00e9e d&rsquo;apr\u00e8s son observation des taches solaires<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">Le plus important groupe de taches solaires observ\u00e9 \u00e0 ce jour est apparu en avril 1947. Il \u00e9tait compos\u00e9 de deux taches principales et plusieurs taches plus petites, et couvrait plus de 1&nbsp;% du disque solaire.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/gap47.astrosurf.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Taches-solaires-record.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-8156 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/gap47.astrosurf.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Taches-solaires-record.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gap47.astrosurf.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Taches-solaires-record.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/gap47.astrosurf.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Taches-solaires-record-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/gap47.astrosurf.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Taches-solaires-record-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/gap47.astrosurf.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Taches-solaires-record-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/gap47.astrosurf.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Taches-solaires-record-100x100.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 767px) 89vw, (max-width: 1000px) 54vw, (max-width: 1071px) 543px, 580px\" \/><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><em><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Taches solaires record&nbsp; \u2191<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 24px; color: #000080; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong>Que sont les taches solaires ?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">Des taches sombres apparaissent et disparaissent sur la surface brillante du Soleil. La fin de l&rsquo;astre annonc\u00e9e ? Pas du tout : ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne tout \u00e0 fait normal touche aussi d&rsquo;autres \u00e9toiles. Mais de quoi s&rsquo;agit-il exactement ?<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"zeta py0p5\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">Le <span class=\"link-wrapper\">Soleil<\/span>, comme toutes les <span class=\"link-wrapper\">\u00e9toiles<\/span>, peut \u00eatre assimil\u00e9 \u00e0 une gigantesque boule de <span class=\"link-wrapper\">gaz<\/span> chaud. Sa surface atteint une temp\u00e9rature de 5.800 <span class=\"link-wrapper\">kelvins<\/span> (K) environ, ce qui correspond \u00e0 peu pr\u00e8s \u00e0 5.500&nbsp;\u00b0C. C&rsquo;est dans la <span class=\"link-wrapper\">photosph\u00e8re<\/span>, une couche de l&rsquo;<span class=\"link-wrapper\">atmosph\u00e8re<\/span> proche de la surface, que surgissent les taches. La raison en est que la photosph\u00e8re est en perp\u00e9tuelle agitation&nbsp;: des <span class=\"link-wrapper\">mouvements<\/span> de <span class=\"link-wrapper\">convection<\/span> l&rsquo;alimentent en gaz chaud. Cette agitation des <span class=\"link-wrapper\">masses<\/span> de gaz cr\u00e9e et tord le <span class=\"link-wrapper\">champ magn\u00e9tique<\/span>, ce pour quoi on parle d&rsquo;<span class=\"link-wrapper\">activit\u00e9 solaire<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"zeta py0p5\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">Les <span class=\"link-wrapper\">taches solaires<\/span> correspondent \u00e0 des zones o\u00f9 le <span class=\"link-wrapper\">champ magn\u00e9tique<\/span> est particuli\u00e8rement intense, ce qui bloque les mouvements de convection&nbsp;: les masses de gaz chaud ne peuvent plus atteindre la photosph\u00e8re. Ces zones en deviennent donc l\u00e9g\u00e8rement plus froides, soit 3.800 K, et apparaissent tr\u00e8s sombres par rapport au reste de la photosph\u00e8re plus chaude, donc plus brillante. Ces ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes sont cependant encore largement incompris. Ils rel\u00e8vent du domaine de la magn\u00e9tohydrodynamique.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"subheading gamma pb1 pt3\"><span style=\"color: #000080; font-size: 20px;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Les taches&nbsp;: des indices du cycle solaire<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">Un&nbsp;<b>cycle solaire<\/b>&nbsp;est une p\u00e9riode pendant laquelle l&rsquo;activit\u00e9 du&nbsp;Soleil&nbsp;varie en reproduisant les m\u00eames ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes que pendant la p\u00e9riode de m\u00eame dur\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente. Cette&nbsp;activit\u00e9 solaire&nbsp;se caract\u00e9rise par l&rsquo;intensit\u00e9 du&nbsp;champ magn\u00e9tique&nbsp;du Soleil et par le nombre de taches \u00e0 sa surface.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\">\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\"><strong>Histoire<\/strong><br \/>\nVue de la&nbsp;Terre, l&rsquo;influence du Soleil varie principalement selon une p\u00e9riode journali\u00e8re et annuelle. Dans l&rsquo;absolu, l&rsquo;activit\u00e9 est r\u00e9gl\u00e9e par un&nbsp;cycle solaire&nbsp;d&rsquo;une p\u00e9riode moyenne de 11,2&nbsp;ans \u2013 d&rsquo;un maximum au suivant \u2013 mais la dur\u00e9e peut varier entre 8&nbsp;et 15&nbsp;ans. L&rsquo;amplitude des maxima peut varier du simple au triple. Le cycle de&nbsp;<span class=\"nowrap\">11 ans<\/span>&nbsp;a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9termin\u00e9 pour la premi\u00e8re fois par l&rsquo;astronome&nbsp;amateur&nbsp;allemand&nbsp;Heinrich Schwabe&nbsp;vers&nbsp;1843.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">En&nbsp;1849, l&rsquo;astronome suisse&nbsp;Johann Rudolf Wolf&nbsp;(1816-1893) \u00e9tablit une m\u00e9thode de calcul de l&rsquo;activit\u00e9 solaire fond\u00e9e sur le nombre de taches. Les cycles de Schwabe sont num\u00e9rot\u00e9s \u00e0 partir du maximum de&nbsp;1761&nbsp;(voir tableau).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">Le cycle 24 a commenc\u00e9 en 2008 et s&rsquo;est termin\u00e9 d\u00e9but 2020 comme le sugg\u00e8re l&rsquo;inversion du champ magn\u00e9tique solaire rapport\u00e9e par une \u00e9quipe indienne. Le maximum du cycle 25 est pr\u00e9vu par le&nbsp;Space Weather Prediction Center&nbsp;pour 2025 et devrait compter&nbsp;<span class=\"nowrap\">115 taches<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/2\/28\/Sunspot_Numbers.png\" alt=\"Sunspot_Numbers.png (1813\u00d7762)\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\"><span class=\"nowrap\">400 ans<\/span>&nbsp;d&rsquo;observation des taches solaires<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Cycles solaires depuis 1755<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Les nombres maximaux et minimaux de taches sont des nombres de taches solaires list\u00e9s mensuellement<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<table class=\"wikitable centre triable\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 1427px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"width: 2.60116%; text-align: right;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\"><abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"num\u00e9ro\">n<sup>o<\/sup><\/abbr><\/span><\/strong><\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 14.3545%; text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">D\u00e9but<\/span><\/strong><\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 14.2582%; text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">Fin<\/span><\/strong><\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 5.87669%; text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">Dur\u00e9e<\/span><\/strong><\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 15.2216%; text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">Maximum<\/span><\/strong><\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 10.79%; text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">Nombre maximal de taches<\/span><\/strong><\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 8.86315%; text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">Nombre minimal de taches (fin du cycle)<\/span><\/strong><\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 10.5973%; text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">Nombre de jours sans taches<\/span><\/strong><\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 17.1484%; text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">Commentaires<\/span><\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 2.60116%; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">1<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 14.3545%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\"><time class=\"nowrap date-lien\" datetime=\"1755-08\" data-sort-value=\"1755-08\">ao\u00fbt 1755<\/time><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 14.2582%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\"><time class=\"nowrap date-lien\" datetime=\"1766-03\" data-sort-value=\"1766-03\">mars&nbsp;1766<\/time><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 5.87669%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">11,3<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 15.2216%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\"><time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"1761-06\" data-sort-value=\"1761-06\">juin 1761<\/time><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.79%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">86,5<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 8.86315%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">11,2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.5973%; text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 17.1484%; text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 2.60116%; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 14.3545%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">1766<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 14.2582%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">1775<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 5.87669%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">9<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 15.2216%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">1770<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.79%; text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 8.86315%; text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.5973%; text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 17.1484%; text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 2.60116%; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">3<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 14.3545%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">1775<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 14.2582%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">1784<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 5.87669%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">9<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 15.2216%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">1778<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.79%; text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 8.86315%; text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.5973%; text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 17.1484%; text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 2.60116%; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">4<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 14.3545%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">1784<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 14.2582%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">1798<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 5.87669%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">14<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 15.2216%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">1788<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.79%; text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 8.86315%; text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.5973%; text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 17.1484%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">Peut-\u00eatre en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 deux cycles, dont un qui aurait donc dur\u00e9 moins de&nbsp;<span class=\"nowrap\">8 ans<\/span>.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 2.60116%; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">5<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 14.3545%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">1798<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 14.2582%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">1810<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 5.87669%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">12<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 15.2216%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">1804<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.79%; text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 8.86315%; text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.5973%; text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 17.1484%; text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 2.60116%; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">6<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 14.3545%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">1810<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 14.2582%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">1823<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 5.87669%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">13<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 15.2216%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">1816<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.79%; text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 8.86315%; text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.5973%; text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 17.1484%; text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 2.60116%; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">7<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 14.3545%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">1823<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 14.2582%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">1833<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 5.87669%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">10<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 15.2216%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">1828<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.79%; text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 8.86315%; text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.5973%; text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 17.1484%; text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 2.60116%; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">8<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 14.3545%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">1833<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 14.2582%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">1843<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 5.87669%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">10<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 15.2216%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">1838<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.79%; text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 8.86315%; text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.5973%; text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 17.1484%; text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 2.60116%; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">9<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 14.3545%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">1843<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 14.2582%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">1855<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 5.87669%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">12<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 15.2216%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">1848<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.79%; text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 8.86315%; text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.5973%; text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 17.1484%; text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 2.60116%; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">10<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 14.3545%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">1855<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 14.2582%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">1867<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 5.87669%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">12<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 15.2216%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">1860<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.79%; text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 8.86315%; text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.5973%; text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 17.1484%; text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 2.60116%; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">11<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 14.3545%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">1867<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 14.2582%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">1878<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 5.87669%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">11<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 15.2216%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">1872<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.79%; text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 8.86315%; text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.5973%; text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 17.1484%; text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 2.60116%; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">12<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 14.3545%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">1878<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 14.2582%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">1890<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 5.87669%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">12<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 15.2216%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">1884<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.79%; text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 8.86315%; text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.5973%; text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 17.1484%; text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 2.60116%; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">13<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 14.3545%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">1890<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 14.2582%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">1902<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 5.87669%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">12<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 15.2216%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">1894<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.79%; text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 8.86315%; text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.5973%; text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 17.1484%; text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 2.60116%; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">14<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 14.3545%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">1902<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 14.2582%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">1913<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 5.87669%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">11<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 15.2216%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\"><time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"1906-02\" data-sort-value=\"1906-02\">f\u00e9vrier 1906<\/time><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.79%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">64,2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 8.86315%; text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.5973%; text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 17.1484%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">Cycle de faible activit\u00e9.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 2.60116%; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">15<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 14.3545%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">1913<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 14.2582%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">1923<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 5.87669%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">10<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 15.2216%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">1917<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.79%; text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 8.86315%; text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.5973%; text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 17.1484%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">D\u00e9but du&nbsp;maximum moderne.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 2.60116%; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">16<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 14.3545%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">1923<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 14.2582%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">1933<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 5.87669%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">10<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 15.2216%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">1928<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.79%; text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 8.86315%; text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.5973%; text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 17.1484%; text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 2.60116%; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">17<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 14.3545%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">1933<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 14.2582%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">1944<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 5.87669%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">11<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 15.2216%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">1939<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.79%; text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 8.86315%; text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.5973%; text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 17.1484%; text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 2.60116%; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">18<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 14.3545%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">1944<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 14.2582%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">1954<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 5.87669%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">10<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 15.2216%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">1947<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.79%; text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 8.86315%; text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.5973%; text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 17.1484%; text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 2.60116%; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">19<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 14.3545%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">1954<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 14.2582%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">1964<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 5.87669%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">10<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 15.2216%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">1958<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.79%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">~190<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 8.86315%; text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.5973%; text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 17.1484%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">Maximum du&nbsp;maximum moderne.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 2.60116%; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">20<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 14.3545%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">1964<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 14.2582%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">1976<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 5.87669%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">12<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 15.2216%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">1968<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.79%; text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 8.86315%; text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.5973%; text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 17.1484%; text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 2.60116%; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">21<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 14.3545%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">1976<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 14.2582%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">1986<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 5.87669%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">10<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 15.2216%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">1981<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.79%; text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 8.86315%; text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.5973%; text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 17.1484%; text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 2.60116%; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">22<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 14.3545%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">1986<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 14.2582%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">mai 1996<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 5.87669%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">10<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 15.2216%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">1991<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.79%; text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 8.86315%; text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.5973%; text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 17.1484%; text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 2.60116%; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">23<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 14.3545%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\"><time class=\"nowrap date-lien\" datetime=\"1996-05\" data-sort-value=\"1996-05\">mai&nbsp;1996<\/time><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 14.2582%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\"><time class=\"nowrap date-lien\" datetime=\"2008-01-04\" data-sort-value=\"2008-01-04\">4&nbsp;janvier&nbsp;2008<\/time><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 5.87669%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">11,6<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 15.2216%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\"><time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2000-03\" data-sort-value=\"2000-03\">mars 2000<\/time><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.79%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">120,8<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 8.86315%; text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.5973%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">Minimum mensuel moyenn\u00e9&nbsp;: 1,7.<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 17.1484%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">Possiblement le dernier cycle du&nbsp;maximum moderne.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 2.60116%; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">24<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 14.3545%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\"><time class=\"nowrap date-lien\" datetime=\"2008-01-04\" data-sort-value=\"2008-01-04\">4&nbsp;janvier&nbsp;2008<\/time><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 14.2582%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\"><time class=\"nowrap date-lien\" datetime=\"2019-12\" data-sort-value=\"2019-12\">d\u00e9cembre&nbsp;2019<\/time><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 5.87669%; text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 15.2216%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">2011&nbsp;(<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"Premier\">1<sup>er<\/sup><\/abbr>&nbsp;pic)<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">d\u00e9but&nbsp;2014&nbsp;(<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"Second\">2<sup>\u00b0<\/sup><\/abbr>&nbsp;pic)<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.79%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">99<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">101<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 8.86315%; text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.5973%; text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 17.1484%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">Cycle de faible activit\u00e9.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 2.60116%; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">25<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 14.3545%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\"><time class=\"nowrap date-lien\" datetime=\"2019-12\" data-sort-value=\"2019-12\">d\u00e9cembre&nbsp;2019<\/time><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 14.2582%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">Pr\u00e9vu vers 2031<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 5.87669%; text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 15.2216%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">Pr\u00e9vu vers&nbsp;<time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2025-07\" data-sort-value=\"2025-07\">juillet 2025<\/time><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.79%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">Pr\u00e9vu \u00e0 115 +\/- 10<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 8.86315%; text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.5973%; text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 17.1484%; text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">En liaison avec le cycle de&nbsp;<span class=\"nowrap\">11 ans<\/span>, existe un cycle de&nbsp;<span class=\"nowrap\">22 ans<\/span>&nbsp;qui concerne le champ magn\u00e9tique solaire. En effet, les polarit\u00e9s de ce dernier s&rsquo;inversent \u00e0 chaque nouveau cycle de&nbsp;<span class=\"nowrap\">11 ans<\/span>. Un cycle de&nbsp;<span class=\"nowrap\">179 ans<\/span> peut \u00eatre \u00e9galement mis en \u00e9vidence en relation avec le cycle des plan\u00e8tes g\u00e9antes gazeuses Jupiter et Saturne. Une th\u00e9orie d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e par Nelson (1951), Takahashi (1967), Bigg (1967)<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">, Wood (1968)<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">, Blizard (1969)<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">, Ambroz (1971)<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">, Grandpierre (1996)<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">&nbsp;et Hung (2007) donne pour raison de ce cycle les \u00ab&nbsp;mar\u00e9es&nbsp;\u00bb solaires provoqu\u00e9es par les&nbsp;plan\u00e8tes&nbsp;du&nbsp;Syst\u00e8me solaire, principalement V\u00e9nus, Terre,&nbsp; Mercure,&nbsp; Mars,&nbsp; Jupiter&nbsp; et Saturne.&nbsp; Ching-Cheh Hung, de la NASA, a mis en \u00e9vidence une relation entre la position des plan\u00e8tes \u00ab&nbsp;productrices de mar\u00e9es&nbsp;\u00bb (<\/span><i style=\"font-size: 20px;\">tide-producing planets<\/i><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">), Mercure, V\u00e9nus, Terre et Jupiter, et 25&nbsp;<\/span><abbr class=\"abbr\" style=\"font-size: 20px;\" title=\"temp\u00eates solaires\">temp\u00eates solaires<\/abbr><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">&nbsp;parmi les 38 plus importantes de l&rsquo;histoire (la probabilit\u00e9 qu&rsquo;une telle association soit due au hasard serait de 0,039&nbsp;%). Hung a \u00e9galement isol\u00e9 un cycle de&nbsp;<\/span><span class=\"nowrap\" style=\"font-size: 20px;\">11 ans<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"> d\u00e9crit par le groupe V\u00e9nus-Terre-Jupiter correspondant au cycle des taches solaires<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Wolf a \u00e9galement remarqu\u00e9 un cycle de variation des maxima d&rsquo;une p\u00e9riode de&nbsp;<span class=\"nowrap\">90 ans<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Pendant les ann\u00e9es d&rsquo;activit\u00e9 maximale, on constate une augmentation :<br \/>\n\u2022 du nombre de taches solaires et des sursauts solaires<br \/>\n\u2022 du rayonnement corpusculaire<br \/>\n\u2022 du rayonnement \u00e9lectromagn\u00e9tique<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">L&rsquo;observation r\u00e9guli\u00e8re de l&rsquo;activit\u00e9 du Soleil, via les taches solaires, remonte au&nbsp;<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"17\u1d49 si\u00e8cle\"><span class=\"romain\">xvii\u00b0<\/span><\/abbr>&nbsp;si\u00e8cle. Cette activit\u00e9 est aussi enregistr\u00e9e dans les&nbsp;cernes&nbsp;des arbres par leur concentration initiale en&nbsp;carbone 14&nbsp;(directement li\u00e9e \u00e0 l&rsquo;intensit\u00e9 des&nbsp;rayons cosmiques), que l&rsquo;on peut conna\u00eetre \u00e0 partir de leur concentration actuelle quand les cernes sont dat\u00e9s pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment. En 2020, une \u00e9tude de ce type reconstitue l&rsquo;histoire de la concentration de&nbsp;<sup>14<\/sup>C dans l&rsquo;air sur toute la p\u00e9riode 969\u20131933. L&rsquo;\u00e9tude confirme la pr\u00e9sence du cycle de Schwabe depuis 969, ainsi que l&rsquo;\u00e9v\u00e8nement particuli\u00e8rement \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique de 993. Deux \u00e9v\u00e8nements similaires non signal\u00e9s auparavant apparaissent aussi&nbsp;: en 1052 et en 1279.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Les taches solaires<\/span><\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">Il y a deux mille ans, les astronomes grecs et chinois parlaient dans leurs \u00e9crits de taches sombres sur le Soleil dont la forme et l&#8217;emplacement changeaient. En avril 1612,&nbsp;Galil\u00e9e&nbsp;fut le premier \u00e0 les observer en d\u00e9tail \u00e0 l&rsquo;aide d&rsquo;une&nbsp;lunette astronomique. Par la suite, l&rsquo;observatoire&nbsp;de&nbsp;Zurich&nbsp;en poursuivit l&rsquo;observation.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">Elles apparaissent dans la photosph\u00e8re comme une zone sombre (l&rsquo;ombre) entour\u00e9e d&rsquo;une r\u00e9gion plus claire (la p\u00e9nombre), sont plus froides que la photosph\u00e8re ambiante (<span title=\"4&nbsp;226,85 \u00b0C ou 7&nbsp;640,33 \u00b0F\">4.500<\/span>&nbsp;<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"kelvin\">K<\/abbr>&nbsp;contre environ&nbsp;<span title=\"5&nbsp;526,85 \u00b0C ou 9&nbsp;980,33 \u00b0F\">5.800<\/span>&nbsp;<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"kelvin\">K<\/abbr>&nbsp;pour la&nbsp;photosph\u00e8re), et sont dues au refroidissement cons\u00e9cutif \u00e0 l&rsquo;inhibition de la convection de surface par l&rsquo;augmentation locale du champ magn\u00e9tique. Leur plus grande dimension peut atteindre plusieurs dizaines de milliers de&nbsp;kilom\u00e8tres.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">Les taches apparaissent souvent en groupe, et sont souvent accompagn\u00e9es d&rsquo;autres taches de polarit\u00e9 magn\u00e9tique oppos\u00e9e (groupe de taches bipolaire). Au d\u00e9but du cycle solaire, les taches apparaissent de pr\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 haute latitude dans les deux h\u00e9misph\u00e8res, vers 40\u00b0. De plus, les premi\u00e8res taches d&rsquo;un groupe sont en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de m\u00eame polarit\u00e9. Tout au long du cycle, les taches vont se rapprocher de l&rsquo;\u00e9quateur jusqu&rsquo;au d\u00e9but du cycle suivant ; \u00e0 ce moment-l\u00e0, la polarit\u00e9 des taches devant changer. En \u00e9tudiant les mouvements de ces taches solaires, les astronomes ont pu conclure que les r\u00e9gions \u00e9quatoriales du Soleil tournaient plus vite que ses zones polaires, avant de l&rsquo;\u00eatre par d&rsquo;autres moyens plus modernes, comme l&rsquo;effet Doppler-Fizeau.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">Les taches solaires sont plus sombres et plus froides que la surface du soleil et diminuent donc l&rsquo;intensit\u00e9 de la radiation solaire. Mais elles s&rsquo;accompagnent de points lumineux qui augmentent l&rsquo;intensit\u00e9 de la radiation solaire. C&rsquo;est l&rsquo;effet des points lumineux qui l&#8217;emporte, de sorte que la radiation solaire est plus \u00e9lev\u00e9e lors des p\u00e9riodes de fortes activit\u00e9s solaire&nbsp;(radiation sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 la normale d&rsquo;un facteur de 0,1&nbsp;% environ).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">L&rsquo;observation des taches solaires est facile et permet de constater la rotation du Soleil sur lui-m\u00eame en&nbsp;<span class=\"nowrap\">27 jours<\/span>. Les astronomes recommandent de ne jamais regarder directement le Soleil sans lunettes adapt\u00e9es, en raison des risques \u00e9lev\u00e9s de br\u00fblure de la r\u00e9tine. Un syst\u00e8me simple d&rsquo;observation indirect consiste par exemple \u00e0 projeter l&rsquo;image du Soleil sur une feuille de papier \u00e0 l&rsquo;aide de jumelles.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\">\n<p id=\"Le_nombre_de_Wolf_ou_Sunspot_Number\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 20px;\">Le nombre de Wolf<br \/>\n<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 20px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">La formule suivante permet de quantifier l&rsquo;activit\u00e9 solaire, not\u00e9e&nbsp;<span class=\"texhtml mvar\">R<\/span>, en fonction du nombre de taches&nbsp;<span class=\"texhtml mvar\">t<\/span>, du nombre de groupes de taches&nbsp;<span class=\"texhtml mvar\">g<\/span>, et d&rsquo;un coefficient corrigeant le r\u00e9sultat en fonction des moyens d&rsquo;observation (observateur, instrument,R=k(t+10g).<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 20px;\"><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">Lors du cycle 19, le nombre de Wolf a atteint 190 tandis qu&rsquo;il n&rsquo;a pas d\u00e9pass\u00e9 70 lors du cycle 14. Malgr\u00e9 son impr\u00e9cision, le nombre de Wolf a l&rsquo;int\u00e9r\u00eat d&rsquo;exister depuis&nbsp;<span class=\"nowrap\">250 ans<\/span>&nbsp;tandis que l&rsquo;observation scientifique avec des moyens modernes n&rsquo;a que quelques cycles dans ses bases de donn\u00e9es.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 20px;\">La mesure du flux radio\u00e9lectrique solaire<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">La&nbsp;radioastronomie&nbsp;est n\u00e9e avec le&nbsp;radar, en&nbsp;1942&nbsp;pendant la&nbsp;Seconde Guerre mondiale. Les ondes radio\u00e9lectriques \u00e9mises par le Soleil proviennent de la&nbsp;chromosph\u00e8re, l\u00e0 o\u00f9 la mati\u00e8re est enti\u00e8rement ionis\u00e9e (plasma) et de la&nbsp;couronne. La&nbsp;fr\u00e9quence&nbsp;de l&rsquo;onde \u00e9mise d\u00e9pend de&nbsp;<i>n<sub>e<\/sub><\/i>, le nombre d&rsquo;ions par m\u00e8tre cube.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Les perturbations solaires (\u00e9ruption,&nbsp;sursauts) font varier le&nbsp;spectre&nbsp;des \u00e9missions radio.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">La mesure de l&rsquo;amplitude du&nbsp;rayonnement solaire sur 2.800&nbsp;<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"m\u00e9gahertz\">MHz<\/abbr>&nbsp;(en W\/Hz m<sup>2<\/sup>) donne un indice d&rsquo;activit\u00e9 solaire plus fiable que le nombre de Wolf. <\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Des mesures sont aussi effectu\u00e9es sur d&rsquo;autres fr\u00e9quences (245&nbsp;<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"m\u00e9gahertz\">MHz<\/abbr>, 410&nbsp;<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"m\u00e9gahertz\">MHz,<\/abbr>&nbsp;15,4 <abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"gigahertz\">GHz<\/abbr>).<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">L&rsquo;\u00e9tude de l&rsquo;activit\u00e9 solaire permet de comprendre les ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes de propagation des ondes et de pr\u00e9voir d&rsquo;\u00e9ventuelles perturbations des communications radio\u00e9lectriques sur Terre.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div><strong><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 20px;\">L&rsquo;origine du cycle solaire<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">L&rsquo;origine du cycle solaire, de sa quasi p\u00e9riodicit\u00e9 comme de ses fluctuations, est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement attribu\u00e9e au fonctionnement interne de la dynamo solaire, mais sans qu&rsquo;une th\u00e9orie fiable soit aujourd&rsquo;hui \u00e9tablie. L&rsquo;influence de facteurs externes comme les forces de mar\u00e9e (dues surtout \u00e0 Jupiter, V\u00e9nus et la Terre) a \u00e9t\u00e9 invoqu\u00e9e par certains chercheurs d\u00e8s 1918, et l&rsquo;est encore aujourd&rsquo;hui.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\">\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Cons\u00e9quences<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px;\">Les variations de l&rsquo;activit\u00e9 solaire se traduisent par des fluctuations de la&nbsp;propagation&nbsp;des&nbsp;ondes radio. La gamme de fr\u00e9quences la plus touch\u00e9e couvre les ondes dites&nbsp;<i>d\u00e9cam\u00e9triques<\/i>&nbsp;ou&nbsp;ondes courtes&nbsp;qui se propagent \u00e0 longue distance gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l&rsquo;ionosph\u00e8re. Pendant les orages magn\u00e9tiques, la tr\u00e8s forte ionisation des couches hautes de l&rsquo;atmosph\u00e8re peut perturber voire interrompre les communications avec les&nbsp;satellites. Cela peut avoir des cons\u00e9quences graves pour les&nbsp;t\u00e9l\u00e9communications, la navigation et le&nbsp;positionnement g\u00e9ographique.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\">\n<hr>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>En cliquant sur la photo du Soleil ci-dessous vous pourrez voir la photo [en noir et blanc] la plus r\u00e9cente de la surface du Soleil (prise par le t\u00e9lescope spatial SDO de la NASA) et voir la pr\u00e9sence \u00e9ventuelle de taches solaires en ce moment (il n&rsquo;y en a pas toujours !). Les photos sont &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gap47.astrosurf.com\/index.php\/accueil\/en-direct-du-soleil\/taches-solaires\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continuer la lecture<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> de &laquo;&nbsp;Taches solaires du jour&nbsp;&raquo;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"parent":8190,"menu_order":1,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-8123","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.8.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Taches solaires du jour - L&#039;observatoire est ouvert aux visiteurs tous les vendredis soirs \u00e0 21 heures, jusqu&#039;au 3 juillet 2026 inclus, sans r\u00e9servation.<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/gap47.astrosurf.com\/index.php\/accueil\/en-direct-du-soleil\/taches-solaires\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Taches solaires du jour - L&#039;observatoire est ouvert aux visiteurs tous les vendredis soirs \u00e0 21 heures, jusqu&#039;au 3 juillet 2026 inclus, sans r\u00e9servation.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"En cliquant sur la photo du Soleil ci-dessous vous pourrez voir la photo [en noir et blanc] la plus r\u00e9cente de la surface du Soleil (prise par le t\u00e9lescope spatial SDO de la NASA) et voir la pr\u00e9sence \u00e9ventuelle de taches solaires en ce moment (il n&rsquo;y en a pas toujours !). 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